More profound impact of CP ENSO on Australian spring rainfall in recent decades

Abstract Most of Australia was in severe drought from 2018 to early 2020. Here we link this the Pacific and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) modes associated with Central (CP) El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Dipole (IOD). Over last 20 years, occurrence frequency CP Niño has increased. This study extends previous understanding eastern (EP) Niño-Australian rainfall teleconnections, exhibiting that can bring much broader stronger deficiencies than EP during austral spring (September–November) over northern (NAU), central inland (EAU). The correlations between SST fields three Cluster regions divided by clustering analysis also confirm this, variability most except southern (SAU) significantly driven ENSO. Also, demonstrate affects extratropical EAU via Pacific-South American (PSA) pattern. While influence is only confined tropical NAU because its PSA pattern sits far too east convey variability. With development ENSO diversity since 2000, footprint on Australian become more complex.